122 research outputs found
From Tools to Teammates: Conceptualizing Humansâ Perception of Machines as Teammates with a Systematic Literature Review
The accelerating capabilities of systems brought about by advances in Artificial Intelligence challenge the traditional notion of systems as tools. Systemsâ increasingly agentic and collaborative character offers the potential for a new user-system interaction paradigm: Teaming replaces unidirectional system use. Yet, extant literature addresses the prerequisites for this new interaction paradigm inconsistently, often not even considering the foundations established in human teaming literature. To address this, this study utilizes a systematic literature review to conceptualize the drivers of the perception of systems as teammates instead of tools. Hereby, it integrates insights from the dispersed and interdisciplinary field of human-machine teaming with established human teaming principles. The creation of a team setting and a social entity, as well as specific configurations of the machine teammateâs collaborative behaviors, are identified as main drivers of the formation of impactful human-machine teams
Human vs. AI: Investigating Consumersâ Context-Dependent Purchase Intentions for Algorithm-Created Content
Increasingly digitalized media consumption is pressuring profitability in the content industry. Technological advancements in the realm of Artificial Intelligence (AI) render the potential to cut costs by applying algorithms to create content. Yet, before implementing algorithm-created content, content providers should be aware of the impact of algorithmic authorship on consumersâ intention to purchase said content. Accordingly, this study investigates user attitudes toward algorithmic content creation and their dependence on the underlying utilitarian or hedonic consumption context. In our online experiment (N=298), we find evidence for a positive effect of algorithmic authorship on consumersâ purchase intention. Even though the overall purchase intention is context dependent, this algorithm appreciation is independent of the content consumption context. Our study thus suggests that consumers appreciate algorithm-created content. Our results thus provide insights into the benefits of leveraging algorithms in order to maintain content providersâ profitability
Structural Evolution of Early-type Galaxies to z=2.5 in CANDELS
Projected axis ratio measurements of 880 early-type galaxies at redshifts
1<z<2.5 selected from CANDELS are used to reconstruct and model their intrinsic
shapes. The sample is selected on the basis of multiple rest-frame colors to
reflect low star-formation activity. We demonstrate that these galaxies as an
ensemble are dust-poor and transparent and therefore likely have smooth light
profiles, similar to visually classified early-type galaxies. Similar to their
present-day counterparts, the z>1 early-type galaxies show a variety of
intrinsic shapes; even at a fixed mass, the projected axis ratio distributions
cannot be explained by the random projection of a set of galaxies with very
similar intrinsic shapes. However, a two-population model for the intrinsic
shapes, consisting of a triaxial, fairly round population, combined with a flat
(c/a~0.3) oblate population, adequately describes the projected axis ratio
distributions of both present-day and z>1 early-type galaxies. We find that the
proportion of oblate versus triaxial galaxies depends both on the galaxies'
stellar mass, and - at a given mass - on redshift. For present-day and z<1
early-type galaxies the oblate fraction strongly depends on galaxy mass. At z>1
this trend is much weaker over the mass range explored here
(10^10<M*/M_sun<10^11), because the oblate fraction among massive (M*~10^11
M_sun) was much higher in the past: 0.59+-0.10 at z>1, compared to 0.20+-0.02
at z~0.1. In contrast, the oblate fraction among low-mass early-type galaxies
(log(M*/M_sun)1 to
0.72+-0.06 at z=0. [Abridged]Comment: accepted for publication in ApJ; 14 pages; 10 figures; 4 table
Tracing chemical evolution over the extent of the Milky Way's Disk with APOGEE Red Clump Stars
We employ the first two years of data from the near-infrared, high-resolution
SDSS-III/APOGEE spectroscopic survey to investigate the distribution of
metallicity and alpha-element abundances of stars over a large part of the
Milky Way disk. Using a sample of ~10,000 kinematically-unbiased red-clump
stars with ~5% distance accuracy as tracers, the [alpha/Fe] vs. [Fe/H]
distribution of this sample exhibits a bimodality in [alpha/Fe] at intermediate
metallicities, -0.9<[Fe/H]<-0.2, but at higher metallicities ([Fe/H]=+0.2) the
two sequences smoothly merge. We investigate the effects of the APOGEE
selection function and volume filling fraction and find that these have little
qualitative impact on the alpha-element abundance patterns. The described
abundance pattern is found throughout the range 5<R<11 kpc and 0<|Z|<2 kpc
across the Galaxy. The [alpha/Fe] trend of the high-alpha sequence is
surprisingly constant throughout the Galaxy, with little variation from region
to region (~10%). Using simple galactic chemical evolution models we derive an
average star formation efficiency (SFE) in the high-alpha sequence of ~4.5E-10
1/yr, which is quite close to the nearly-constant value found in
molecular-gas-dominated regions of nearby spirals. This result suggests that
the early evolution of the Milky Way disk was characterized by stars that
shared a similar star formation history and were formed in a well-mixed,
turbulent, and molecular-dominated ISM with a gas consumption timescale (1/SFE)
of ~2 Gyr. Finally, while the two alpha-element sequences in the inner Galaxy
can be explained by a single chemical evolutionary track this cannot hold in
the outer Galaxy, requiring instead a mix of two or more populations with
distinct enrichment histories.Comment: 18 pages, 17 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap
The Arizona CDFS Environment Survey (ACES): A Magellan/IMACS Spectroscopic Survey of the Chandra Deep Field South
We present the Arizona CDFS Environment Survey (ACES), a recently-completed
spectroscopic redshift survey of the Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS) conducted
using IMACS on the Magellan-Baade telescope. In total, the survey targeted 7277
unique sources down to a limiting magnitude of R = 24.1, yielding 5080 secure
redshifts across the ~30' x 30' extended CDFS region. The ACES dataset delivers
a significant increase to both the spatial coverage and the sampling density of
the spectroscopic observations in the field. Combined with
previously-published, spectroscopic redshifts, ACES now creates a
highly-complete survey of the galaxy population at R < 23, enabling the local
galaxy density (or environment) on relatively small scales (~1 Mpc) to be
measured at z < 1 in one of the most heavily-studied and data-rich fields in
the sky. Here, we describe the motivation, design, and implementation of the
survey and present a preliminary redshift and environment catalog. In addition,
we utilize the ACES spectroscopic redshift catalog to assess the quality of
photometric redshifts from both the COMBO-17 and MUSYC imaging surveys of the
CDFS.Comment: resubmitted to MNRAS; 12 pages, 12 figures, and 3 tables; updated
redshift catalog available at http://mur.ps.uci.edu/~cooper/ACES
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